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We discuss time-resolved optical spectroscopy which has recently been applied with unprecedented time resolution to the prototypical case of superconducting copper oxides with a doping concentration close to that necessary to attain the largest critical temperature. It demonstrates that, already on the 10 fs timescale, the electron dynamics is fully captured by the effective interaction with bosonic fluctuations. This extremely fast timescale together with our calculations within the two dimension t-J model, strongly point to short-range spin fluctuations as the universal class of bosons mediating the electronic interactions in doped copper oxides.